The conformation of the hybrid material (a nanotube surrounded by oligomers) is the reason behind its high efficiency: all the ruthenium atoms in the oligomers are active catalytic centres – as opposed to dumping tones of oxides on electrodes as usually done in material science. Finding strength in numbers, once multiple units are introduced, the large number of C-H-π interactions stabilise the whole chain. This way the researchers confirmed the molecular nature of the oligomer and found out that it is adsorbed to the graphitic surface via aromatic catalyst-surface C-H-π interactions – an anchoring strategy that has never been described for molecular catalysts up to now.Ī single monomer of the oligomer employed is unable to anchor because its interactions with the surface are too weak. X-ray absorption spectroscopic (XAS) measurements were also employed, in collaboration with the group of Dooshaye Moonshiram at IMDEA Nanociencia, to analyse the oligomers at the graphitic surfaces, and evaluate their fate during and after catalysis. In addition, Grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) was carried out at the ALBA by Marc Malfois and Eduardo Solano from the NCD-SWEET beamline.įurther, Density-functional theory (DFT) calculations, conducted by the ICIQ Maseras group, to explore the nature of the interaction between the oligomers and the graphitic surfaces. In collaboration with international partners such as Johannes Elemans at the Institute for Molecules and Materials Radboud University and Christina Scheu at the Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH in Düsseldorf, the scientists carried out multiple Microscopy studies to characterize the hybrid materials. We had to anchor the catalyst on a surface to find a tangible application on water-splitting devices," explains Marcos Gil-Sepulcre, postdoctoral researcher and group coordinator at the Llobet group and first co-author of the paper. "We decided to design an oligomeric material based on our powerful Ru(tda) catalyst to move from homogeneous to heterogeneous applications. After studying the catalytic behaviour of oligomers of general formula (where n is 1, 2, 4, 5 or 15), the scientists from ICIQ set out to anchor them onto graphitic surfaces. The generation of electro-anodes and cathodes for water splitting devices based on molecular complexes anchored onto solid surfaces is gaining traction thanks to their versatile and modular properties through ligand design. The study, published in Nature Chemistry, has counted with the participation of scientists from the ALBA Synchrotron and part of the data has been obtained in the NCD-SWEET beamline. OLIGOMERIC MATERIALS TO ENHANCE WATER SPLITTINGĬerdanyola del Vallès, 9th October 2020 Researchers from the Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) have developed a new molecular material made out of oligomers and used it as a catalyst in water oxidation, achieving unprecedented current densities for molecular catalysts.USER ASSOCIATIONS - Fill-in ESUO survey on TNA.Benefits of feeding acidified milk replacer at 10% of BW per day may be in reducing the incidence of some infectious scours, although further experiments are needed to verify this. 1.6) fecal consistency score than those fed sweet milk replacer (scale of 1 to 4, 1 = normal and 4 = watery). Calves fed acidified milk replacer (d 3 to 28) had a lower (1.4 vs. Starter consumption was similar for both treatments. Average daily gains (d 3 to 42) for calves fed sweet and acidified milk replacers were. Other parameters were measured on d 3 and 42. Body weight was recorded at birth, d 3 of age, and weekly thereafter. A pelleted starter feed was offered for ad libitum access throughout the 42-d trial. Thirty-seven female Holstein calves were fed replacers reconstituted to 12.5% DM for 4 wk At 28 d, half of the amounts of milk replacer consumed during wk 4 were fed during wk 5 and calves weaned from replacer at d 35 of age. The objective of this study was to compare performance of calves fed acidified milk replacer or regular (sweet) milk replacer twice daily at 10% of BW.
0 kommentar(er)
